next previous
Up: Multi-colour photometry of nearby galaxies


Subsections

4. Data reduction


4.1. Initial processing


Reduction of the obtained images was done with the MIDAS package developed by ESO. Initial processing of the data contained usual steps such as bias and dark frame subtraction and flat-fielding. Cosmic rays were then removed from each galaxy image with the FILTER/COSMIC procedure. The galaxy frames of the same band were summed, if several exposures were made. Images of the observed galaxies in B band are presented in Fig. 1.

  \begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_1.ps}\end{figure} Figure 1: The images of the sample galaxies in B band, which were obtained at the 1.2-m telescope of Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France). The field size of the images is $11.8' \times 11.8'$. For all the images North is top and East is left


 \begin{figure}\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_2.ps}
\end{figure} Figure 1: continued


 \begin{figure}\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_3.ps}
\end{figure} Figure 1: continued


 \begin{figure}\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_4.ps}
\end{figure} Figure 1: continued


 \begin{figure}\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_5.ps}
\end{figure} Figure 1: continued


 \begin{figure}\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_6.ps}
\end{figure} Figure 1: continued


 \begin{figure}\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{DS1751f1_7.ps}
\end{figure} Figure 1: continued


4.2. Sky background determination


Background stars were removed from the frames by fitting a second-degree surface in circular pixel-area. The sky background was then approximated by a tilted plane, created from a 2-dimension polynomial, using the least-squares method (FIT/FLAT_SKY). The accuracy of the sky background determination is about 0.3% of the original sky level. A typical value of the sky surface brightness is near 22$^{\rm m}$/sq s in B band. Therefore, the mean error of sky determination must not exceed 0.07 mag.


   
Table 2: Observational log
Ident. Date B expos.(sec) V expos.(sec) I expos.(sec)
UGC 3755 11.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $500
NGC 2366 05.04.1997 600 500 600
UGC 3974 11.04.1997 2$\times $500 2$\times $500 2$\times $600
K 52 10.04.1997 2$\times $600 2$\times $600 2$\times $900
UGC 4459 05.04.1997 2$\times $600 2$\times $500 2$\times $600
UGC 4483 09.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $600
F464-v3 12.04.1997 3$\times $600 3$\times $600 3$\times $900
UGC 5086 11.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $600
Holmberg I 02.04.1997 600+1200 1000 800
UGC 5288 12.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $600
BK3N 12.04.1997 3$\times $600 3$\times $600 3$\times $900
Holmberg IX 06.04.1997 2$\times $800 2$\times $800 2$\times $1000
UGC 5423 07.04.1997 2$\times $600 2$\times $600 2$\times $800
UGC 5692 03.04.1997 3$\times $400 2$\times $300 2$\times $300
  09.04.1997 400 60 60
UGC 5918 09.04.1997 3$\times $500 3$\times $500 3$\times $600
K 73 12.04.1997 2$\times $600 2$\times $600 2$\times $900
UGC 6817 02.04.1997 2$\times $600 2$\times $500 2$\times $450
NGC 4068 04.04.1997 600 2$\times $300 2$\times $300
  10.04.1997 100 100 100
NGC 4144 04.04.1997 2$\times $300 300 300
  10.04.1997 100 100 100
NGC 4163 05.04.1997 600 500 700
PGC 38998 09.04.1997 2$\times $300 2$\times $300 2$\times $500
UGC 7298 07.04.1997 3$\times $600 3$\times $600 3$\times $800
UGC 7321 04.04.1997 1000 800 600
  10.04.1997 100 100 100
IC 3308 09.04.1997 2$\times $300 2$\times $300 2$\times $500
UGC 7577 06.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $500
NGC 4449 02.04.1997 100 100 100
UGC 7698 10.04.1997 600 600 2$\times $900
IC 3687 04.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $400
  10.04.1997 100 100 100
IC 4182 02.04.1997 600 500 2$\times $300
UGC 8201 10.04.1997 400 400 2$\times $600
UGC 8308 02.04.1997 2$\times $1200 1000 1000+900
UGC 8320 04.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $500
  10.04.1997 100 100 100
UGC 8331 05.04.1997 2$\times $500 2$\times $500 2$\times $600
UGC 8508 06.04.1997 2$\times $400 2$\times $400 2$\times $500
NGC 5229 07.04.1997 600 600 900
Holmberg IV 08.04.1997 2$\times $600 2$\times $600 3$\times $800
  10.04.1997 100 100 100
NGC 5474 06.04.1997 500 500 600
NGC 6503 02.04.1997 100 100 120
NGC 6946 05.04.1997 3$\times $100 100 100

The center coordinates for about 1/3 of all the observed galaxies were determined by ellipse fitting of outer parts of the galaxy (FIT/ELL3). Most of other galaxy centers were determined interactively, because a significant part of the sample consists of the galaxies of irregular morphology. For some galaxies with a star-like center the coordinates of the center were determined using first moment of the intensity pixel values.


4.3. Photometric calibration


For the calibration, the photometric standard stars from Landolt's (1992) list were observed during the observational run after every two galaxies. Due to extinction present on some nights, a number of the galaxies were exposed once more with short exposures under better photometric conditions (see Table 2). Deeper images were then calibrated using these short-exposure data.

Zero-point errors of the transformation to the standard Johnson-Cousins system are estimated to be about 0.15$^{\rm m}$ in each filter.


next previous
Up: Multi-colour photometry of nearby galaxies

Copyright The European Southern Observatory (ESO)