		error difference between the true
		and calculated pointing errors
		Eq. (20 (click here))

	f	ratio of the full beamwidths at half
		maximum along the X and Y directions
		Eq. (A6 (click here))

	I₀	0-th coefficient of the
		Fourier series of
		Eqs. (A2 (click here)), (A3 (click here))

	,	n-th coefficients of the
		Fourier series of
		Eqs. (11 (click here)), (A2 (click here))

		normalized antenna power pattern
		Eq. (1 (click here))

	r	angular distance between the center
		of the antenna beam and the target position
		Eq. (3 (click here))

		ratio of measured boresight antenna
		temperature to expected source antenna
		temperature
		Eq. (14 (click here))

		normalized signal difference between two
		successive positions of the antenna beam on the
		circular path
		Eq. (17 (click here))

		measured antenna temperature
		of the pointing source
		Eq. (4 (click here))

		expected antenna temperature of the pointing
		source at center of the antenna beam
		Eq. (5 (click here))

	,	measured power ON-source and OFF-source,
		respectively;
		Eq. (1 (click here))

		cartesian coordinates of the beam center
		(cross-elevation and elevation)
		Eq. (2 (click here))

		cartesian coordinates of the target
		(cross-elevation and elevation)
		Eq. (8 (click here))

		radius of the circular path
		described by the antenna beam center
		Eq. (2 (click here))

		angular distance between the
		optical axis and the target
		Eq. (8 (click here))

		angle defining the position of the center of
		the antenna beam with respect to the X axis
		Eq. (2 (click here))

		angle defining the unknown position of the
		target with respect to the X axis
		Eq. (8 (click here))

		instrumental phase offset used in
		the dot-product method
		Eq. (18 (click here))

We are grateful to C.J. Salter and P.F. Goldsmith for critically reading the manuscript and useful advice regarding some aspects of conical scanning, and to the referee, M. Kesteven, for insightful comments.

B. Principal symbols