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Appendix B: Voyager observations and processing

The Voyager observations of Phoebe appear in Table 10 (click here) in the form of the pixel and line locations in the Voyager camera frame. The table also gives the inertial camera pointing angles which were derived from the background star images. As a simplification, the effects of uncertainty in the pointing have been incorporated into the location accuracies quoted in the table. The observations have not been corrected for stellar aberration; they provide measures of the apparent position of Phoebe as seen from the spacecraft.

   

Picture ID Observation time (UTC) Camera pointing angles (deg) Pixel Line
Rt. Ascen. Dec.Twist ValueAcc. ValueAcc.
41901B+37 17 Jun. 1981 00:11:52.12 203.323974 -7.744627 -129.273157 465.80 0.71 589.34 0.61
42182B+27 26 Jun. 1981 08:51:52.12 205.345157 -8.780149 -127.860860 492.73 0.60 402.65 0.58
42351B+55 02 Jul. 1981 00:26:11.21 206.845295 -9.510055 -127.253253 571.33 0.67 319.07 0.65
42800B+50 16 Jul. 1981 23:34:11.21 212.089857 -11.710938 -123.628497 372.56 0.58 381.50 0.58
43300B+39 02 Aug. 1981 15:25:32.81 222.738376 -15.963989 -118.780588 422.66 0.70 140.20 0.58
43461B+08 07 Aug. 1981 23:48:44.81 228.634792 -17.725684 -115.402728 339.80 0.70 547.97 0.62
43491B+27 09 Aug. 1981 00:03:56.81 230.085968 -18.288527 -115.301906 642.37 0.57 388.94 0.58
43696B+50 15 Aug. 1981 20:22:19.85 241.941386 -21.485373 -110.265804 323.33 0.66 399.83 0.66

Table 10: Voyager 2 imaging observations. The observation time is the midtime of the exposure. The pointing angles are in the Earth mean equator and equinox of J2000 system. The observation accuracies, denoted by Acc., include the effects of the camera pointing uncertainty

To process the observations, first compute the apparent position of Phoebe:
eqnarray599
where t is the observation time (ET), tex2html_wrap_inline4009 is the light travel time from the Phoebe to the spacecraft, tex2html_wrap_inline4011 is Phoebe's position vector, tex2html_wrap_inline4013 is the spacecraft position vector, and tex2html_wrap_inline4015 is the Saturnian system barycenter position vector; the former two positions are relative to the Saturnian system barycenter, and the latter is relative to the Solar System barycenter. The vectors tex2html_wrap_inline4017 and tex2html_wrap_inline4019 are the respective velocities of the spacecraft and Saturnian system barycenter. This computation implicitly involves an iterative procedure to determine tex2html_wrap_inline4009 from the true relative distance between Phoebe and the spacecraft. Next rotate the apparent position into camera body coordinates:
equation613
where tex2html_wrap_inline2265, tex2html_wrap_inline2269, tex2html_wrap_inline4027 are the right ascension, declination, and twist camera pointing angles from Table 10 (click here), and tex2html_wrap_inline4029 is the standard tex2html_wrap_inline4031 rotation matrix about the tex2html_wrap_inline4033 axis. Then project the camera body coordinates into the focal plane via the gnomonic projection:
displaymath627
where f is the focal length of the camera and Pi is the tex2html_wrap_inline4033 component of the vector tex2html_wrap_inline4041. The focal plane coordinates must be corrected for electromagnetic and optical distortion:
displaymath642
where r2=x2+y2 and the ei are the distortion coefficients. Lastly convert from the focal plane coordinates into pixel and line:
displaymath676
where tex2html_wrap_inline4047 is the camera transformation matrix and p0,l0 are the pixel and line location of the optical axis.

For the Voyager 2 narrow angle camera the focal length is 1503.49 mm, the optical axis is located at (398.07, 401.95), the elements of the conversion matrix tex2html_wrap_inline4047 are:
displaymath706
and the distortion coefficients are:
eqnarray720

   

Picture ID Position (km) and Velocity (km/s)
xy z
41901B+37 63212533.0 19188537.5 4918608.4
-10.271438 -3.060466 -0.771611
42182B+27 54904032.8 16712535.5 4294300.1
-10.274296 -3.062307 -0.772204
42351B+55 49888808.0 15217592.1 3917311.5
-10.277604 -3.063816 -0.772655
42800B+50 36591667.8 11252598.7 2917747.4
-10.295356 -3.070303 -0.774463
43300B+39 21738982.8 6823497.4 1799317.7
-10.350959 -3.087303 -0.779872
43461B+08 16946391.4 5393865.6 1438146.6
-10.390964 -3.100103 -0.783285
43491B+27 16038694.3 5123047.7 1369718.5
-10.401263 -3.103412 -0.784171
43696B+50 9856547.4 3277698.5 903262.8
-10.521137 -3.142626 -0.794836

Table 11: Voyager 2 Saturn barycentric position and velocity referred to the Earth mean equator and equinox of J2000

Table 11 (click here) contains the Voyager position, tex2html_wrap_inline4013, and velocity, tex2html_wrap_inline4017, vector components at the observation times.


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