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4. Astrophysical considerations

We consider in this section the photometric properties of the deconvolved images, except in the case of 3C 66B for which a reliable calibration of the data is lacking.

SN 1987A

The improvement in the quality of the deconvolved image prompts us to reconsider some results presented earlier (Jakobsen et al. 1991; Panagia et al. 1991). Interesting comparison can also be made with the work of Plait et al. (1995). They perform a RLM deconvolution, but on a F501N summed image, thus of higher signal-to-noise ratio than our single exposure image. Jakobsen et al. (1994) present also images obtained with the COSTAR corrected HST. Comparison will be made even though the structure and photometry of the ring has changed between the two observations.

The ratio of the intensity of the ring to the one inside could tell us whether it is really a ring or a shell (see Dwek & Felten 1992). Since we have shown that the RLM deconvolution artificially increases the intensity of the peaks in the ring, the ratio (between 10 and 100) found by Panagia et al. (1991) is thus probably overestimated. The IDEA solution indicates that this ratio might be in the range 30-40, relaxing a little bit the constraint in favor of a ring. Moreover, Plait et al. (1995) argue that such a ratio results from a ring, and not from a shell.

The fluxes of the central star and of the ring has been measured within the support used in IDEA. For the raw image we used the values estimated by Jakobsen et al. (1991) for comparison. From Table 1 (click here) it is clear that IDEA recovers a large fraction of the energy from the wings of the PSF. Note that it is coherent with ground based observations obtained at the same epoch (see R. Cumming cited in Plait et al. 1995) giving a ring intensity of tex2html_wrap_inline1461 erg stex2html_wrap_inline1463 cmtex2html_wrap_inline1465. In addition, the flux of the central star obtained with IDEA is compatible with a unique decay rate between days 1275 and 2522 (see Jakobsen et al. 1994).

  table436
Table 1: Absolute fluxes in tex2html_wrap_inline1467 erg stex2html_wrap_inline1469 cmtex2html_wrap_inline1471. The value for the raw image has been taken from Jakobsen et al. (1991)

The profile of the central star of the supernova presented in Sect. 3.1 shows the presence of an envelope around the star. This has already been found by Jakobsen et al. (1991). We measure similar values of the total radius for the envelope profile: tex2html_wrap_inline1473, that is (at a distance of 50 kpc) about 35 light-days, corresponding to an expansion speed of tex2html_wrap_inline1475 km stex2html_wrap_inline1477. We also note that the central star on the IDEA image is elongated (PA tex2html_wrap_inline1479). The elongation is absent on the other deconvolution images. This value is not very precise because of the anisotropy of the PSF, but is corroborated by the results with speckle interferometry providing an elongation with PA = tex2html_wrap_inline1481 (Papaliolios et al. 1989) and with COSTAR-corrected FOC images by Jakobsen et al. (1994): PA tex2html_wrap_inline1483.

Panagia et al. (1991) noted the clumpiness of the light distribution in the ring. This might have three origins (Dwek & Felten 1992): 1) anisotropy in the ionising photon propagation from the star to the ring; 2) clumpiness of the ambiant medium acting on the ring propagation; 3) heterogeneities within the ring (density or emissivity). On the RLM solution, the ring is really knotty, probably due to over-resolution. Further evidence is provided by the faint superposed star, located at PA = tex2html_wrap_inline1485 on the ring, described in Plait et al. (1995). Its intensity with respect to that of the ring is artificially increased on the RLM image. On the opposite, the ring in the IDEA solution is rather continuous with a few regions (one especially) of increased brightness defining the ``clumps''. This shows that the ionising radiation is isotropic and that the ambiant medium has not disturbed the ring too much during its expansion. However, the south part of the ring is flatter than an ellipse, indicating probably a resistance of the ambiant medium. Some filaments in the ring (note the one to the East) suggest a certain level of heterogeneities. Note also how the northern and southern parts of the ring are brighter than the eastern and western parts. This is probably explained by the inclination of the ring with respect to the line of sight (Jakobsen et al. 1991). The relative smoothness of the ring found with IDEA is confirmed by the modelisation of the UV emission (Plait et al. 1995) which slightly favors the smooth ring model. The IDEA solution is close to the RLM deconvolution of Plait et al. (1995) (applied to a higher signal-to-noise ratio image). The IDEA image is also similar to the COSTAR-corrected images presented by Jakobsen et al. (1994) even though the ring structure might have evolved between the two epochs.

M 87

From the deconvolutions it can be seen that the center of the galaxy is elongated indicating the presence of a nuclear jet, confirming the statement of Boksenberg et al. (1992). However, the IDEA deconvolution suggests that the knot at tex2html_wrap_inline1497 from the nucleus might be an artifact: it is less prominent on the IDEA deconvolution than on the RLM deconvolution and is exactly at the position of a ring created by the PSF.

On the RLM deconvolution, knot D appears as 2 knots, whereas on the IDEA deconvolution it has the appearance of a filament. The filamentary structure of knot E is also more evident on the IDEA deconvolution. This is consistent with the general filamentation found in extragalactic jets (see Sect. 4.3 for another example). The continuity of the jet seems less obvious on the IDEA deconvolution, but there is a slight hint for a double filament in knot F. This is also true for the outer part of the jet (visible on the jet image). The IDEA features are essentially confirmed on WFPC2 images from HST (Ford et al. 1994).

Boksenberg et al. (1992) performed photometry on the raw image because of the lack of confidence in the deconvolution result. We use the IDEA solution after calibration of our raw data in the same manner. We present (Fig. 7 (click here)) the profile of the jet obtained within perpendicular slits. Its width is defined by the support used for the deconvolution.

  figure462
Figure 7: Profile of the jet integrated over its whole width in a one-pixel-wide slit

This can be compared with Fig. 4 (click here) of Biretta et al. (1991) compiled using data at different wavelengths and a lower resolution. If we integrate this profile along the jet to have the total intensity of the knots, for the whole jet (1tex2html_wrap1517 to 19tex2html_wrap1519 from the nucleus) we find 1.2 mJy. From knots F to C, our value (1.1 mJy) is significantly higher than that found by Perola & Tarenghi (1980) from IUE data (tex2html_wrap_inline1503 mJy). Perola's values are however compatible with ours knots A and B (0.81 mJy). That would indicate that knot C is not entirely in the IUE 10tex2html_wrap1521 tex2html_wrap_inline1507 20tex2html_wrap1523 window.

3C 66B

The image presented in this paper is the first image of this jet at such a short wavelength. The jet is very faint, but the galaxy background is nearly absent making galaxy substraction unnecessary. As can be expected, the structure of the jet at this wavelength is identical to that at 320 nm (Macchetto et al. 1991), except may be for ``the fatter structure'' in which the double-stranded filament seems to be embedded. This could be naturally explained by the lower signal-to-noise ratio of the 220 nm image. We note that the B knot (Fraix-Burnet et al. 1989) appears to be filamentary on the IDEA deconvolution. This could indicate that the double-stranded filament is continuous from tex2html_wrap_inline1525 from the nucleus outward. There is no trace of the ``blue knots'' found by Fraix-Burnet et al. (1989). But because of the artifacts left by the non-perfectly adapted PSF within about tex2html_wrap_inline1527 from the nucleus, the detection of such faint features is certainly hopeless.


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