Our spectra do not cover the region around H, but some information on the strength and variability of the H line can be derived from published and Geneva 7-color photometry. We, therefore, have added to Table 1 (click here) the observed index, and we calculated the corresponding index
. According to Cramer (1984, 1994), the excess is the signature of the presence of an emission feature in the H line (a strong and variable excess points to the presence of a strong, respectively variable, emission component). We refer to Fig. 5 (click here) for an overview of all our observed H line profiles.
Emission at H and H during 1957-1963 was reported by Buscombe (1970). Infrared excess was detected by IRAS (Oudmaijer et al. 1992). Despite its rather large , our spectrum shows moderate H and OI emissions. He I 6678 is in absorption and Paschen lines seem to be completely filled in by emission.
HD91188 = SX Vel is a short-period () photometric
variable that was extensively observed by
Balona et al. (1992), for a phase diagram see Fig. 6 (click here).
Years ago Albers (1969) reported
emission at H and probable emission at OI 7775. We
have found a weak H emission while OI 7775 is in
absorption. The equivalent width of this line is rather large when
compared to the average observed in non-shell Be stars of the same
spectral type (Jashek et al. 1993). This could be evidence of a
possible transition into a shell phase. He I 6678 and Paschen
lines are observed in absorption. In addition, weak
( 0.5Å) FeI emission at 7955 and 7959 seems to
be present.
The radial velocities of the P11-P15
Paschen lines show a mean of 19 11 km s, slightly larger than
the radial velocity derived from the H profile (-16 km s).
As absorption lines are formed close to the stellar photosphere and emission
lines arise from the circumstellar gas, this fact
probably indicates radial gas motions in the envelope.
This B6IIIe star shows weak emission at H and Paschen lines in absorption. This is a very ill-studied star: the SIMBAD database does not give a single reference to previous studies.
Table 1: The observed stars. The exposure time and the mean signal to
noise ratio at the continuum level are given for each spectrum.
Magnitudes and spectral types are from Hoffleit et al. (1983).
is the calculated index derived from
the data published by Rufener (1988), is the observed
Strömgren index taken from the catalogue of Hauck & Mermillod
(1990), except for HD128293 for which the value by Reed (1996) was used
Table 2: (available electronically) The normalized spectra
(SAMPLE; FULL TABLE WILL BE ELECTRONIC)
Table 3: Equivalent widths (Å) of spectral lines seen in our
spectra. A slash separates equivalent widths measured with different
criteria (see text). The H line in HD 94910 (AG Car) is
blended with [NII] emission
Table 4: Radial velocities (km s) of spectral lines seen
in our spectra
This is a well-studied Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) surrounded by a prominent ring nebula--see Humphreys & Davidson (1994) for a review of LBVs including AG Car, and van Genderen et al. (1996) for a discussion of the photometry. We have observed AG Car early in the phase of a new increase in brightness after a low-brightness phase lasting 3 years. The star was at about during our observation (see Fig. 7 (click here) where its estimated position corresponds with the head of the vertical arrow). Our spectrum shows a very strong H emission peak (see Fig. 5 (click here)) flanked by weaker emissions probably corresponding to [NII] 6548 and 6584, which in our spectral resolution should, in fact, not be resolved. Helium emissions are also present.
The data plotted in Fig. 7 (click here) are from different sources, viz. Kilkenny et al. (1985), van Genderen et al. (1988, 1990), Leitherer et al. (1994) and data from the Long-Term Photometry of Variables project (LTPV, Sterken 1983, 1993) and published by Manfroid et al. (1991, 1994) and Sterken et al. (1993, 1995).
Shallow, slightly symmetric double H-H emissions were
reported by Andersen & Nordstrom (1977). A strong double emission was
observed at H on August 9, 1978 by Jaschek & Jaschek (1992).
Our spectra show H and OI 8446 in emission. Paschen
lines and He I 6678 are in absorption.
The radial velocities of the P11-P15 Paschen absorption
lines show a smooth negative progression with an average value of
66 22 km s whereas the H and OI 8446
emission lines and the He 6678 line show velocities
remarkably different with a mean of 5 3 km s.
Emission in H and H with a mean equivalent width of 3.2 Å was observed by Buscombe (1970). His radial velocity data (Buscombe 1962) show strong variations of both the emission and absorption component on time scales of 2-3 months. H double central emission with a broad absorption line on August 8, 1978 was reported by Jaschek & Jaschek (1992). Our spectra also show the presence of weak H emission. This star was observed by one of us in the survey reported by Sterken & Jerzykiewicz (1983), and was classified , i.e. significant light variations (in the Strömgren b band) were detected in HD128293, the second comparison star HD131058, or in both. The associated u,v and y data have never been analysed, and could perhaps answer the question which of both stars is the dominant variable. Unfortunately, the data could not be retrieved by us from their repository.
Several years ago this late-type B star showed a weak diffuse roughly symmetric H emission (Andersen & Nordstrom 1977). Our spectrum also shows a low-emission star characterized by a weak H emission upon broad absorption wings. Paschen lines are observed in absorption. The discrepant values of the radial velocities found in P13 and P11 could indicate contamination by CaII and/or NI at P13 and FeI 8864 at P11. When comparing the mean radial velocity of Paschen lines (54 17 km s) with the H radial velocity (-16 km s) it seems that the envelope is radially moving out.
Observations in the 21 cm hydrogen line have revealed that this star is immersed in a high-velocity interstellar cloud probably arising from an old supernova remnant (Little et al. 1994). The optical spectrum has shown central double emissions at H, H and H upon underlying absorption lines on August 9, 1978 (Jaschek & Jaschek 1992). H emission with Å was observed on October 22, 1981 by Andrillat (1983). Our spectrum shows a stronger H emission and weak He absorptions. OI are in emission. Paschen lines seem to be completely filled by emission.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile, PI # 95.11.11.1-1. This research has made use of data obtained through the High Energy Astrophysics Research Center Online Service, provided by the NASA-Goddard Space Flight center. CS acknowledges a research grant from the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (NFWO). Part of the data discussed in this paper were collected under observing program ESO 57D-0133. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.