The stars and their most significant parameters are listed in Table 1 together
with references to studies of individual stars and notes for a number of
variables. Table 2 lists our identification for the Sct variables
observed by MACHO project. In the present paper only the first page of Table 1
is printed as an example. The full Table 1 together with Table 2 are
accessible in electronic form and can also be requested from the authors.
In summary, the new catalogue contains 636 variables, 1149
references and 182
individual notes. Each star in the list has been carefully examined before
being included in Table 1. Several tens of stars were rejected mainly because
either time scales of variation or signal/noise ratio of their light curves do
not allow us to definitively classify them as
Sct variables and they
are not listed in the table. In fact, most of them have been previously
considered only as suspected
Sct variables by earlier authors.
The list is given according to their 2000.0 equinox equatorial coordinates ordered by increasing right ascension. Several catalogue identifications appear for each star according to the source: HD (Henry Draper Catalogue), HR (Bright Star Catalogue), SAO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogue), BD (Bonner Durchmusterung), CD (Cordoba Durchmusterung), CPD (Cape Photographic Durchmusterung), HIP (Hipparcos Catalogue), CCDM (Catalogue of the Components of Double and Multiple Stars) and GCVS (General Catalogue of Variable Stars). In some cases, when it is known, another designation has been also used (Other). Similarly to the R94 catalogue, periods correspond to the dominant pulsation mode in every case while amplitudes correspond to the mean full visual amplitude of the light curve. The main sources of information have been the Name Lists of Variable Stars Nos. 72, 73 (Kazarovets & Samus [1995], [1997]) and 74 (Kazarovets et al. [1999]). In addition, the Hipparcos catalogue (ESA, [1997]) has been also taken into account, together with all the available bibliography in the last few years.
In this new catalogue, more than 50% of the variables are new in
relation to our last list (R94 catalogue). The
list of R94 contained 298 variables, three of them have been eliminated
(UW CVn, V879 Aql and UX Mon).
UW CVn and V879 Aql seem to be W UMa-type
binary systems with periods of
and
,
respectively (Kopacki
& Pigulski [1995], [1998]). In the case of UX Mon, it was thought
to be an Algol-type binary
system (
)
where the primary component is a
Sct pulsating
star with a period of about 1 hour. However, later observations
by Olson & Etzel ([1995]) do not confirm the
Sct-like
variations. These authors
found variability with a time scale of several hours (>8 hours) as due to
mass transfer in this active binary. Another possibility might be
Dor-like variations in the primary component.
Hence, 295 variables were already listed in the R94
catalogue and 341 are new. Nearly all of these new variables (337)
have been
discovered through the years 1994 to 2000. The main contributions come from
the Hipparcos mission (88 new variables; ESA [1997], Kazarovets et al.
[1999]) and the OGLE (54; Udalski et al. [1994],
1995a,b, [1996], [1997]) and
MACHO (84; Alcock et al. [2000])
projects. In the case of OGLE project, 56 variables of this type have been
observed but only 54 are new. The variables BWC-V82 and BW1-V23 were already
known as V4117 Sgr and V1363 Sgr, respectively (Blanco [1984]). In the
case of
MACHO project, 90 Sct variables are listed but only 84 are new.
The variables MACHO-58 and MACHO-59 are V1363 Sgr and V4117 Sgr, respectively.
In addition, the variables
MACHO-56, MACHO-57, MACHO-62 and MACHO-63 were previously identified
by the OGLE project as BW10-V141, BW1-V109, BW7-V79 and BW3-V93.
Thus, even avoiding the contributions from these three main projects, a large
number (111) of new variables have been discovered since 1994. These mean
the 17% of the total sample of
Sct pulsating stars known up to date.
The last variable included in our catalogue is HD 81882, discovered by
Rodríguez & Rolland ([2000]) during the night of January 29, 2000.
On the other hand, more than 500 papers, published during the last few years,
have been revised and 282 new references have been added to the
corresponding list.
The main source of information for Strömgren photometry has been the catalogue of Hauck & Mermilliod ([1998]). In the case of Johnson photometry, the catalogues of Mermilliod et al. ([1997]) and Hipparcos (ESA [1997]) have been mainly used. Sometimes, individual valuable papers have been used to determine the Strömgren indices, especially for variables with large amplitudes. In a few cases, the visual V magnitudes come from Simbad Database ([1999]). The main source for Spectral Types have been the Michigan (Houk & Cowley [1975] (Vol. 1); Houk [1978] (Vol. 2); Houk [1982] (Vol. 3); Houk & Smith-Moore [1988] (Vol. 4)) and Hipparcos (ESA [1997]) catalogues. In addition, the lists of Gray ([1988]), Gray & Garrison ([1989]), Gray & Corbally ([1993]), Abt & Morrell ([1995]) and Simbad Database ([1999]) have been also used.
In the case of rotational velocities (
), the catalogue of Uesugi
& Fukuda ([1982]) has been the most used. In addition, the lists of
McNamara ([1985]), Abt & Morrell ([1995]), Solano & Fernley
([1997]) and Medeiros & Mayor ([1999]) have been also taken into
account. The main sources for radial velocities have been the lists
of Duflot et al. ([1995]), Fehrenbach et al. ([1997]) and
Grenier et al. (1999a,b). Finally, in all cases, the parallaxes come
from the Hipparcos catalogue (ESA [1997]).
These sources have been used to up-date the data catalogued in the new list, including values already available in the R94 catalogue. However, in the majority of the cases, the old values do not change. The main sources for changes have been V and B-V from the Hipparcos catalogue (ESA, [1997]) and rotational velocities from Solano & Fernley ([1997]), but no trends are shown with the new values.
HD | SAO | CD | GCVS | RA(h,m,s) | CCDM | HIP | Per | Amp(V) | V |
![]() |
RV | ST | References |
(d) | (km s-1) | (km s-1) | |||||||||||
HR | BD | CPD | Other | D(0,') | paral(mas) | B-V | U-B | b-y | m1 | c1 | ![]() |
Notes | References |
224875 | 128535 | DR Psc | 00 01 23 | 109 | 0.1652 | 0.04 | 7.23 | F0 | 0270 0511 | ||||
+05.05247 | +06 47.5 | 5.33(![]() |
0.39 | 0.232 | 0.180 | 0.798 | 2.696 | 123 125 | |||||
225161 | 91683 | NN Peg | 00 04 00 | 00040+1209A | 316 | 0.1701 | 0.06 | 7.26 | F0 | 0270 0511 | |||
+11.05092 | +12 08.7 | 5.48(![]() |
0.36 | 0.207 | 0.175 | 0.813 | 123 125 135 | ||||||
432 | 21133 | ![]() |
00 09 11 | 00092+5909A | 746 | 0.1009 | 0.033 | 2.28 | 69 | 11 | F2III-IV | 0003 0029 0045 0331 0408 0653 | |
21 | +58.00003 | 11 Cas | +59 09.0 | 59.89(![]() |
0.38 | 0.10 | 0.216 | 0.177 | 0.785 | 2.721 | 002 135 145 | 0659 0732 0739 0740 0803 0873 | |
1097 | 166146 | -29.00050 | AU Scl | 00 15 08 | 1210 | 0.0564 | 0.01 | 9.09 | 7 | A3-5mF0-F5 | 0362 0591 0974 0918 | ||
-29.00019 | -29 00.4 | 4.90(![]() |
0.40 | 0.239 | 0.326 | 0.465 | 2.727 | 003 | |||||
1479 | V377 Cas | 00 19 14 | 00192+5942AB | 1543 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 7.83 | 136 | F0 | 0261 0939 1014 | |||
+58.00028 | +59 42.3 | 5.98(![]() |
0.37 | 0.06 | 0.212 | 0.189 | 0.701 | 2.749 | 135 | ||||
2145 | -47.00106 | BQ Phe | 00 25 24 | 2005 | 0.2185 | 0.11 | 10.42 | F3-F5V | 0270 0511 | ||||
-47.00037 | -46 55.5 | 1.86(![]() |
0.51 | 123 125 | |||||||||
4125 | V402 Cep | 00 29 20 | 2299 | 0.1229 | 0.07 | 10.48 | F2 | 0270 0511 | |||||
+79 52.7 | 2.07(![]() |
0.56 | 123 125 | ||||||||||
2628 | 74041 | GN And | 00 30 07 | 00302+2945AB | 2355 | 0.0693 | 0.05 | 5.20 | 16 | -10 | A7III | 0045 0091 0260 0331 0337 0457 | |
114 | +28.00075 | 28 And | +29 45.1 | 17.62(![]() |
0.27 | 0.08 | 0.169 | 0.166 | 0.870 | 2.754 | 072 136 146 182 | 0473 0653 0770 0771 0873 0917 | |
2724 | 215120 | -41.00116 | BB Phe | 00 30 28 | 2388 | 0.1743 | 0.05 | 6.18 | 83 | -4 | F2III | 0085 0086 0613 0659 0685 0776 | |
119 | -41.00049 | -40 56.4 | 7.77(![]() |
0.32 | 0.191 | 0.189 | 0.883 | 2.749 | 182 | 896 | |||
3112 | 255679 | ![]() |
00 33 23 | 2629 | 0.0493 | 0.04 | 6.11 | 80 | 10 | A7IV | 0078 0193 0213 0583 0659 0799 | ||
139 | -71.00020 | -71 16.0 | 6.65(![]() |
0.27 | 0.19 | 0.147 | 0.187 | 0.984 | 2.817 | 143 147 182 | 0966 0973 0991 0998 1023 1026 | ||
3326 | 166400 | -23.00220 | BG Cet | 00 36 07 | 2852 | 0.0299 | 0.003 | 6.06 | 98 | 13 | A5m | 0565 0589 0659 0666 0669 0671 | |
151 | -23.00055 | -22 50.5 | 20.12(![]() |
0.30 | 0.171 | 0.217 | 0.731 | 2.783 | |||||
36605 | CC And | 00 43 48 | 3432 | 0.1249 | 0.24 | 9.33 | 145 | -10 | F3IV-V | 0154 0293 0296 0313 0610 0638 | |||
+41.00119 | +42 16.9 | 2.39(![]() |
0.36 | 0.11 | 0.235 | 0.168 | 0.846 | 2.749 | 0659 0941 1016 1110 | ||||
4494 | 215235 | -42.00253 | 00 46 38 | 0.07 | 0.006 | 9.45 | F0V | 0391 0551 | |||||
-42.00071 | -42 09.6 | 0.177 | 0.171 | 0.779 | 2.762 | ||||||||
4490 | 92082 | XX Psc | 00 47 14 | 3685 | 0.1040 | 0.04 | 6.11 | 170 | 0 | F0Vn | 0114 0353 0374 0659 0965 | ||
214 | +18.00101 | 59 Psc | +19 34.7 | 9.35(![]() |
0.27 | 0.20 | 0.165 | 0.178 | 0.929 | 2.773 | |||
4849 | 215254 | -44.00216 | AZ Phe | 00 50 04 | 3903 | 0.0551 | 0.007 | 6.49 | A9-F0III | 0424 0565 0589 0659 0666 1096 | |||
239 | -44.00101 | -43 23.7 | 10.31(![]() |
0.29 | 0.12 | 0.168 | 0.210 | 0.817 | 2.765 | 1097 |
Figures 1 to 6 give us some insight about the content of the catalogue. Figures 1 to 4 show the corresponding distributions as functions of the spectral type, rotational velocity, visual amplitude and period, respectively. Figures 5 and 6 display some interesting cross-correlations found between these parameters. In Fig. 1, only variables with well defined available spectral types have been taken into account, hence peculiar stars were not included in the sample. As it can be seen, the majority of these stars have spectral types between A6 to F2, with a peak at F0.
![]() |
Figure 2:
Distribution of the variables in the catalogue (N) as function of
the rotational velocity (
![]() |
In relation to Fig. 2, by comparing this figure with Fig. 7 of the R94
catalogue, the peak corresponding to the interval 60-80 km s-1 has
disappeared. Now, the distribution is more smoothed and the stars seem to be
uniformly distributed in all the range
for rotational velocities lesser than 180 km s-1. Only a peak remains for very
low values of
.
This peak is due to the variables with high
amplitudes
of luminosity variation. This is confirmed when we plot Fig. 5, where the
visual amplitudes versus rotational velocities are shown. Similarly to R94,
these two figures point out that stars with large rotational velocities do not
exhibit large amplitudes, that is, the variables displaying large amplitudes
are very slow rotators. In fact, the mean value of
for
Sct variables with
is found to be of
109(
58) km s-1 whereas this is much smaller for the large amplitude
pulsators (
= 22(
)
km s-1 for the variables with
and a very similar value is found for the variables
with
).
This agrees well when considering the parametric resonance as a
mechanism to limit the amplitude of the pulsations, as mentioned in R94.
In relation to Fig. 3, the distribution is similar to that found from
the R94
sample. These stars show visual amplitudes from a few thousandths of a
magnitude to several tenths. The majority of them present small amplitudes (a
few hundredths) with a typical value of about
.
Moreover, the number of low amplitude variables increases
nearly exponentially as decreasing the amplitude. In particular, nearly 30%
of them show amplitudes smaller than
.
It suggests we cannot
exclude the possibility that many of the apparently nonvarying stars in the
Sct region vary but with undetectable amplitudes. On the
other hand, the distribution shown in our Fig. 4 resembles the corresponding
one found from the R94 list. Similarly to the earlier catalogue, Fig. 4 point
out that the majority of these
variables show short periods (about 80% of them have periods shorter than
)
and the number of variables decreases as the period is increasing.
It can be due to stars with longer periods are more evolved,
hence the probability of finding one star in this region of the H-R diagram is
smaller. Other reasons can be the selection effects mentioned in the R94
catalogue.
Additionally to the correlation found between the visual amplitudes and
rotational velocities, another interesting result is displayed in Fig. 6
where the mean periods are shown versus the spectral type.
As it can be seen, the periods of
the variables tend to increase when the spectral types are later. It can be
explained as an evolutionary effect due to the hotter Sct stars tend
to be near the main sequence while the variables presenting the latest spectral
types are more evolved (spectral class II and III).
However, no correlations are found for
versus spectral type or
versus period.
From an observational point of view, it seems to be that stars in main
sequence rotate faster than evolved stars, however no correlation is
found between
and spectral types for the
Sct-type
variables. It might be due to
a selection effect because there are few
Sct stars with long
periods and available
values. It might also be that other
parameters have to be taken into account.
Acknowledgements
This catalogue is dedicated to the memory of our great friend and observer in the field ofSct stars Salvador F. González-Bedolla deceased November 1, 1996. The authors are in debt to many people who have contributed to improve this catalogue. Some of them are Dr. Balona, Beaulieu, Breger, Frandsen, Hintz, Jiang, Liu, Mantegazza, Minniti, Paunzen, Piquard, Sasselov, Udalski. Especial acknowledgements are made to Dr. Handler, Kaluzny, Kim, Koen, Templeton and Zhou. Acknowledgements are also especially made to M.C. Romero for making available many papers used in this investigation and V. Costa for proofreading. This research was supported by the Junta de Andalucía and the Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica (DGESIC) under project PB98-0499. This work has made use of the Simbad database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.
Copyright The European Southern Observatory (ESO)