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Up: Survey of instantaneous 1-22 GHz


1 Introduction

One of the main characteristics of an extragalactic radio source is the shape of the broad band spectrum, which provides a considerable amount of physical information about the object. The extragalactic radio sources are often separated into different samples on the basis of the shape of the spectra (e.g. flat, inverted, steep, gigahertz peaked spectrum sources). This shows the importance of the multifrequency broad band spectra surveys of compact extragalactic objects among long term flux variability monitoring programs (e.g. Aller et al. 1985; Mitchell et al. 1994; Stevens et al. 1994, etc.) and VLBI imaging surveys (e.g. Kellermann et al. 1998 and references therein).

Most of the earlier multifrequency spectra results were obtained by combining measurements carried out quasi-simultaneously (over a period of one or more months) at radio and shorter wavelengths, using several telescopes on some samples of tens of objects, selected by various criteria. For example, we refer to the measurements of 19 active extragalactic sources from 20 cm to 1400 Å by Landau et al. 1986). Valtaoja et al. (1988) investigated quiescent spectra for a sample of 27 radio sources observed at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths. Gear et al. (1994) compared quasi-simultaneous 5-375 GHz spectra of 22 BL Lacertae objects with 24 radio-loud, violently variable quasars. Kühr et al. (1981) compiled radio measurements at more than two frequencies for 494 sources from the combined NRAO-MPI 5 GHz Strong Source Surveys and the Parkes 2.7 GHz Surveys. Herbig & Readhead (1992) composed non-simultaneous radio data from 10 MHz to 100 GHz on a complete sample of 256 objects. We also refer to papers, cited in the O'Dea (1998) survey of compact steep-spectrum and gigahertz peaked-spectrum sources, as well as a number of other works.


   
Table 1: Source sample
IAU Other OI Z IAU Other OI Z IAU Other OI Z
0003+38   G 0.229 0159-11 3C 57 Q 0.669 0420-01 OA 129 Q 0.915
0003-06 NRAO 5 BL 0.347 0201+11 OD 101 Q 3.56 0421+01 OF 36 Q 2.055
0005-23   Q 1.410 0202+14 NRAO 91 G 0.405 0422+00 OF 38 BL  
0005-26 OB -210 G   0202+31   Q 1.466 0423+23   RS  
0007+10 III Zw 2 G 0.090 0202-17   Q 1.740 0423+05   Q 1.333
0007+17 4C 17.04 Q 1.601 0211+17   Q 0.472 0425+04 OF 42 Q  
0008-26 OB -214 Q 1.093 0216+01   Q 1.623 0428+20 OF 247 G 0.219
0010+40 4C 40.01 Q 0.256 0217-18   Q   0429+41 3C 119 Q 1.023
0011-04   Q   0219+42 3C 66A BL 0.444 0430+05 3C 120 G 0.033
0012+31 3C 6 G   0219-16   Q 0.698 0434-18   Q 2.702
0013-00   Q 1.574 0221+06 4C 06.11 Q 0.511 0440-00 NRAO 190 Q 0.844
0019+05 OB 34 BL   0223+34 4C 34.07 Q   0446+11   G 1.207
0022+39 OA 26 Q 1.946 0226-03 4C -03.07 Q 2.066 0451-28 OF -285 Q 2.560
0024+34 OB 338 G 0.333 0229+13 4C 13.14 Q 2.065 0454+03 OF 92 Q 1.349
0026+34 OB 343 G 0.6 0234+28 CTD 20 Q 1.207 0454+06 4C 06.21 G 0.405
0027+05   Q   0235+16 OD 160 BL 0.940 0454-23 OF -292 Q 1.003
0035+23 CTD 5 Q 2.27 0237-02   Q 1.116 0456+06 OF 94 Q 1.08
0035+12 4C 12.05 Q 1.395 0237+04 OD 62 Q 0.978 0457+02 OF 97 Q 2.384
0035-02 3C 17 G 0.220 0237-23 OD -263 Q 2.225 0458-02 DA 157 Q 2.286
0038-02   Q 1.176 0238-08 NGC 1052 G 0.005 0458+13   RS  
0047+02 OB 78 BL   0239+10 OD 166 Q   0459+06 OF 99.3 Q 1.106
0048-09 OB -80 BL   0240-21 OD -267 Q 0.314 0459+13   BL  
0048-07 OB -82 Q 1.975 0248+43   Q 1.310 0459+25 3C 133 G 0.277
0054-00   Q 2.795 0250+17   Q   0500+01 OG 3 Q 0.585
0055+30 NGC 315 G 0.016 0256+07 OD 94.7 Q 0.893 0502+04 OG 5 Q 0.954
0055-05   Q   0301+33 4C 33.06 G   0507+17   G 0.416
0056-00 DA 32 Q 0.717 0306+10 OE 110 Q 0.863 0509+15   RS  
0106+01 4C 01.02 Q 2.107 0309+41 NRAO 128 G 0.136 0511-22 OG -220 Q 1.296
0108-07 OC -14 Q 1.776 0312+10 4C 10.10 G   0514-16 OG -123 Q 1.270
0108+38 OC 314 G 0.668 0316+16 CTA 21 Q   0518+16 3C 138 Q 0.759
0109+22   BL   0316+41 3C 84 G 0.017 0521-26 OG -236 RS  
0110+31 NRAO 62 Q 0.603 0317+18 OE 129 G   0528-25 OG -247 Q 2.765
0111+02 UGC 773 G 0.047 0319+12 OE 131 Q 2.67 0528+13 OG 147 Q 2.07
0112-01   Q 1.365 0322+22   RS   0537-15   Q 0.947
0113-11   Q 0.672 0326+27   Q 1.533 0537-28 OG -263 Q 3.104
0116+08 4C 08.06 G 0.594 0327-24 OE -246.3 Q 0.888 0552+39 DA 193 Q 2.365
0118-27 OC -230.4 BL >0.557 0329-25 OE -248 Q 2.685 0555-13   Q  
0119+11   Q 0.570 0333+32 NRAO 140 Q 1.259 0601+24 4C 24.11 RS  
0119+04 OC 33 Q 0.637 0336-01 CTA 26 Q 0.852 0602+40 OH 404.1 RS  
0119+24   Q 2.025 0338-21 OE -263.9 BL   0605-08 OH -10 Q 0.872
0122-00   Q 1.070 0340+36 OE 367 Q 1.484 0606-22 OH -212 Q 1.926
0123+25 4C 25.05 Q 2.364 0344+19   RS   0607-15 OH -112 Q 0.324
0127+14 4C 14.06 Q   0346-16   Q   0610+26 3C 154 Q 0.580
0130-17   Q 1.020 0348-12 OE -182 Q 1.520 0611+13c      
0133-20 OC -255.3 Q 1.141 0400+25 CTD 26 Q 2.109 0618-25 OH -230 Q 1.90
0134+32 3C 48 Q 0.367 0402+37 4C 37.11 G 0.054 0620+38 OH 335 Q 3.469
0135-24 OC -259 Q 0.831 0403-13 OF -105 Q 0.571 0641+39 OH 368.8 Q 1.266
0136+17   Q 2.716 0405-12 OF -109 Q 0.574 0642+21 3C 166 G 0.245
0138-09 OC -65 BL >0.501 0406+12   BL 1.02 0650+37   Q 1.982
0142-27 OC -270 Q 1.157 0406-12 OF -111 Q 1.563 0653-03 OH -90 Q  
0144+20   RS   0409+22 3C 108 Q 1.213 0711+35 OI 318 Q 1.620
0146+05 OC 79 Q 2.345 0410+11 3C 109 G 0.306 0722+14 4C 14.23 Q  
0147+18 OC 178 Q   0413-21   Q 0.807 0723-00 OI -39 BL 0.127
0148+27   Q 1.26 0414-18   Q 1.536 0727+40 OI 446 Q 2.501
0149+21   Q 1.32 0415+37b 3C 111 G 0.048 0727-11   RS  
0149+33 OC 383 Q 2.431 0420+02   BL   0729+25   Q  
0156-14a   RS   0420+41 4C 41.11 RS   0733+30   RS  


Table 1. continued
IAU Other OI Z IAU Other OI Z IAU Other OI Z
0733-17   RS   0953+25 OK 290 Q 0.712 1148-17 OM -181 Q 1.751
0733+26   RS   0955+32 3C 232 Q 0.530 1156-22   G 0.565
0735+17 OI 158 BL >0.424 1004-01   Q 1.214 1156-09 OM -94 RS  
0736-06 OI -61 Q 1.901 1004+14 OL 108.1 Q 2.707 1156+29 4C 29.45 Q 0.729
0736+01 OI 61 Q 0.191 1008-01 4C -01.21 Q 0.887 1157-21   Q 0.927
0738+31 OI 363 Q 0.630 1010+35 OL 318 Q 1.414 1200-05 ON -1 Q 0.381
0738+27   RS   1012+23 4C 23.24 Q 0.565 1200+04   RS  
0742+31 4C 31.30 Q 0.462 1013+20 OL 224 Q 3.11 1202-26   Q 0.790
0742+10 OI 471 RS   1015+35 OL 326 Q 1.226 1204+28 ON 208 Q 2.177
0743-00 4C -00.28 Q 0.994 1018+34 OL 331 Q 1.400 1210+13 4C 13.46 Q 1.137
0743+25   RS   1019+42   RS   1211+33 ON 319 Q 1.598
0743+27   RS   1019+30 OL 333 Q 1.319 1213-17 ON -122 G  
0745+24 OI 275 Q 0.409 1020-10 OL -133 Q 0.197 1213+35 4C 35.28 Q 0.857
0748+12 OI 280 Q 0.889 1020+19 OL 133 Q 2.136 1215+30 ON 325 BL 0.237
0748+33 OI 380 Q 1.932 1020+40 4C 40.25 Q 1.254 1216-01   Q 0.415
0752-11 OI -187 RS   1021-00   Q 2.552 1217+02 ON 29 Q 0.240
0754+10 OI 90.4 BL 0.66 1022+19 4C 19.34 Q 0.828 1218+33 3C 270.1 Q 1.519
0759+18   Q   1030+41   Q 1.120 1218-02 4C -02.53 G 0.665
0802+21   RS   1030+39   Q 1.095 1219+28 ON 231 BL 0.102
0805+41   Q 1.420 1032-19   Q 2.198 1219+04 4C 04.42 Q 0.965
0805+26   RS   1034-05 OL -257 G   1222+03 4C 03.23 Q 0.960
0805-07   Q 1.837 1034-29 OL -259 Q 0.312 1222+21 4C 21.35 Q 0.435
0808+01 OJ 14 BL   1036-15 OL -161 G 0.525 1225+36 ON 343 Q 1.975
0812+36 OJ 320 Q 1.025 1038+06 4C 06.41 Q 1.265 1226+02 3C 273 Q 0.158
0812+02 4C 02.23 Q 0.402 1040+12 3C 245 Q 1.028 1228+12b 3C 274 G 0.004
0814+42 OJ 425 BL   1042+07   G 0.698 1228-11 ON -147 Q 3.528
0818-12 OJ -131 BL   1045-18 OL -176 Q 0.595 1236+07   G 0.400
0820+22 4C 22.21 BL 0.951 1046-02 4C -02.43 RS   1237-10 ON -162 Q 0.750
0820+29 OJ 234 Q 2.368 1054+00 OL 91 RS   1240+38   Q 1.316
0821+39 4C 39.23 Q 1.216 1055+20 4C 20.24 Q 1.11 1240-29   Q 1.133
0823+03 OJ 38 BL 0.506 1055+01 OL 93 Q 0.888 1243-07 ON -73 Q 1.286
0827+24 OJ 248 Q 0.941 1058+39   RS   1244-25   Q 0.638
0829+04 OJ 49 BL 0.180 1100+22 OM 201 RS   1252+11 ON 187 Q 0.870
0830+42 OJ 451 Q 0.253 1101+38 Mark 421 BL 0.031 1253-05 3C 279 Q 0.538
0834+25 OJ 259 Q 1.122 1102-24 OM -204 Q 1.666 1255+32 ON 393 RS  
0837+03   Q 1.57 1104+16 4C 16.30 Q 0.632 1256-220 ON -293.9 Q 1.306
0838+13 3C 207 Q 0.684 1106+38   G 2.290 1256-229   Q 1.365
0839+18   Q 1.272 1109+35   RS   1257+14 OW 197 Q  
0851+07   RS   1110-21 OM -218 RS   1302-03   Q 1.250
0851+20 OJ 287 BL 0.306 1111+14 OM 118 Q 0.869 1302-10 OP -106 Q 0.286
0854+21   RS   1116+12 4C 12.39 Q 2.118 1308+32 OP 313 BL 0.997
0855+14 3C 212 Q 1.043 1119+18 OM 133 Q 1.040 1308+14 OP 114 Q  
0859-14 OJ -199 Q 1.339 1120-27 OM -234 RS   1315+34 OP 326 Q 1.050
0900+42 4C 42.28 G   1123+26 CTD 74 Q 2.341 1317-00 4C -00.50 Q 0.892
0906+43 3C 216 Q 0.670 1124-18   Q 1.048 1318-26   Q 2.027
0906+01 DA 263 Q 1.018 1127-14 OM -146 Q 1.187 1330+02 3C 287.1 G 0.215
0912+02   G 0.427 1128+38   Q 1.733 1331+17 OP 151 Q 2.084
0912+29 OK 222 BL   1128-04 OM -48 G 0.266 1334-12 OP -158.3 Q 0.539
0913+39 4C 38.28 Q 1.269 1130+00   Q   1336-23 OP -260.5 Q  
0915-21   Q 0.847 1136-13 CTS 667 Q 0.554 1336-26   Q 1.51
0922+00 OK 37 Q 1.719 1142+05 4C 05.52 Q 1.342 1337-03   Q  
0923+39 4C 39.25 Q 0.698 1142-22 OM -271 Q 1.141 1345+12 4C 12.50 G 0.121
0925-20   Q 0.348 1143-24 OM -272 Q 1.940 1347-21 OP -279 RS  
0931-11 OK -152 RS   1143-28 OM -273 Q 0.45 1348-28   Q  
0938+11   Q 3.191 1144+40   Q 1.089 1349-14 OP -182 RS  
0945+40 4C 40.24 Q 1.252 1145-07 OM -76 Q 1.342 1351-01   Q 3.707
0952+17 OK 186 Q 1.478 1148-00 4C -00.47 Q 1.980 1352-10 OP -187 Q 0.332


Table 1. continued
IAU Other OI Z IAU Other OI Z IAU Other OI Z
1354-17   Q 3.147 1611+34 DA 406 Q 1.401 2044-16 OW -174 Q 1.932
1354-15 OP -192 Q 1.89 1614+05 OS 23 Q 3.217 2047+09   RS  
1354+19 4C 19.44 Q 0.719 1615+36 4C 36.27 RS   2047+03   BL  
1356+02   Q 1.319 1615+02   Q 1.341 2053-04 4C -04.80 Q 1.176
1402-01   Q 2.522 1616+06 OS 28 Q 2.088 2058-29   Q 1.492
1402+04   Q 3.211 1622-25 OS -237.8 Q 0.786 2059+03 OW 98 Q 1.015
1403-08   Q 1.763 1622-29   Q 0.815 2113+29   Q 1.514
1404+28 OQ 208 G 0.077 1624+41 4C 41.32 Q 2.55 2121+05 OX 36 Q 1.941
1406-07 OQ -10 Q 1.493 1625-14   Q 1.10 2126-15 OX -146 Q 3.266
1406-26   Q 2.43 1633+38 4C 38.41 Q 1.807 2126-18 OX -145 Q 0.680
1413+34 OQ 323 RS   1635-03a   Q 2.856 2127-09   Q >0.780
1416+06 3C 298 Q 1.439 1638+39 NRAO 512 Q 1.666 2128+04 OX 46 G 0.990
1427+10 OQ 147 Q 1.71 1641+39 3C 345 Q 0.594 2128-12 OX -148 Q 0.501
1430-17 OQ -151 Q 2.331 1647-29   RS   2131-02 4C -02.81 BL 1.285
1430-15 OQ -150.2 Q 1.573 1648+01   RS   2134+00 OX 57 Q 1.932
1434+23 OQ 257 Q   1652+39 Mark 501 BL 0.033 2135-24   Q 0.819
1435-21 OQ -259 Q 1.187 1655+07 OS 92 Q 0.621 2136+14 OX 161 Q 2.427
1437-15 OQ -162 BL   1656+05 OS 94 Q 0.879 2140-04   Q 0.344
1438+38 OQ 363 Q 1.775 1656+34 OS 392 Q 1.936 2143-15 OX -173 Q 0.698
1439+32 OQ 366 Q 2.12 1657-26   RS   2144+09 OX 74 Q 1.113
1441+25   Q 0.062 1705+01   Q 2.576 2145+06 DA 562 Q 0.999
1442+10 OQ 172 Q 3.535 1706+00   G 0.449 2147+14   RS  
1443-16 OQ -171 Q   1706-17 OT -111 RS   2149+06 OX 81 Q 1.364
1445-16 OQ -176 Q 2.417 1717+17 OT 129 BL   2149+05 OX 82 Q 0.740
1449-01 OQ -81 Q 1.314 1721+34 4C 34.47 Q 0.206 2150+17 OX 183 BL  
1452+30 OQ 287 Q 0.580 1722+40   Q 1.049 2155-15 OX -192 Q 0.672
1456+04 4C 04.49 G 0.394 1725+12 OT 143.3 Q   2200-23   Q 2.118
1502+10 4C 10.39 Q 1.833 1725+04   Q 0.293 2200+42 BL Lacertae BL 0.069
1502+03   G 0.413 1730-13 NRAO 530 Q 0.902 2201+31 4C 31.63 Q 0.298
1504+37 OR 306 G 0.674 1732+09 OT 54 G   2201+17 OY 101 Q 1.076
1504-16 OR -102 Q 0.876 1741-03 OT -68 Q 1.057 2201+04 4C 04.77 G 0.028
1508-05 4C -05.64 Q 1.191 1743+17 OT 172 Q 1.702 2207+35 OY 313 RS  
1510-08 OR -17 Q 0.360 1749+09 OT 81 BL 0.320 2208-13   Q 0.391
1511-10 OR -118 Q 1.513 1751+28   RS   2209+08 DA 574 Q 0.484
1511-21 OR -218 G 1.179 1756+23 OT 295 Q 1.721 2209+23   Q  
1514+00 GNZ 25 G 0.052 1758+38 OT 398 Q 2.092 2214+35 OY 324 Q 0.510
1514+19   BL   1807+27 4C 27.41 Q 1.760 2215+02   Q 3.581
1514-24 AP Librae BL 0.048 1821+10   Q 1.364 2216-03 4C -03.79 Q 0.901
1518+04 4C 04.51 G 1.294 1830+28 CTD 108 Q 0.594 2223-05 3C 446 Q 1.404
1519-27   BL   1848+28   Q 2.56 2223+21 DA 580 Q 1.953
1525+31 OR 342 Q 1.380 1901+31 3C 395 Q 0.635 2227-08   Q 1.562
1532+01   Q 1.420 1908-20 OV -213 Q   2229-17 OY -150 Q 1.780
1535+00   Q 3.497 1908-21 OV -214 RS   2230+11 CTA 102 Q 1.037
1538+14 4C 14.60 BL 0.605 1920-21 OV -235 RS   2233-14 OY -156 BL >0.609
1543+00   G 0.550 1921-29 OV -236 BL 0.352 2234+28 CTD 135 Q 0.795
1546+02 OR 78 Q 0.412 1923+21 OV 239.7 RS   2236+12 OY 160 Q  
1548+05 4C 05.64 Q 1.422 1936-15 OV -161 Q 1.657 2239+09   Q 1.707
1548+11 OR 181 Q 0.436 1937-10   Q 3.787 2240-26 OY -268 BL 0.774
1550-26   Q 2.145 1947+07 OV 80 Q   2243-12 OY -172.6 Q 0.630
1551+13 OR 186 Q 1.29 1958-17 OV -198 Q 0.652 2245-12   Q 1.892
1555+00   Q 1.772 2002-18 OW -185 Q 0.868 2245+02   Q  
1555-14   G 0.097 2008-15 OW -115 Q 1.180 2246+20   RS  
1556-24   Q 2.818 2008-06 OW -15 G 1.047 2247+13 4C 13.84 Q 0.767
1600+33 OS 300 G   2012-01   BL   2251+15 3C 454.3 Q 0.859
1604+31   G   2029+12 OW 149 BL 1.215 2251+24 DA 587 Q 2.327
1606+10 DA 401 Q 1.226 2032+10 OW 154.9 BL 0.601 2251+13 4C 13.85 Q 0.677
1607+26 OS 111 G 0.473 2037-25   Q 1.574 2252-09   Q 0.606


Table 1. continued
IAU Other OI Z
2253+41 OY 489 Q 1.476
2254+02 OY 91.3 Q 2.089
2254+07 OY 091 BL 0.190
2255+41 4C 41.45 Q 2.15
2255-28   Q 0.926
2256+01   Q 2.663
2300-18 OZ -102 G 0.129
2303-05 4C -05.95 Q 1.139
2307+10 4C 10.70 RS  
2318+04 OZ 031 Q 0.623
2318-19 OZ -130 G  
2319+31   G  
2319+27 CTD 139 Q 1.253
2320+07 DA 599 Q 2.090
2320-02   Q  
2320-03   Q 1.411
2325-15   Q 2.465
2327+33   Q 1.809
2328+10 4C 10.73 Q 1.489
2328+31 OZ 347 RS  
2329-16 OZ -149 Q 1.153
2330+08 OZ 50.8 RS  
2331-24 OZ -252 G 0.048
2332-01   Q 1.184
2335-18 OZ -160 Q 1.450
2335-02   Q 1.072
2337+26   Q  
2338+33   RS  
2344+09 4C 09.74 Q 0.673
2344+092   RS  
2345-16 OZ -176 Q 0.576
2349-01 4C -01.61 Q 0.174
2351-00   Q 0.463
2351-15 OZ -187 Q 2.675
2354-11   Q 0.960
2355-10   Q 1.622
2356+19 OZ 193 Q 1.066
2356+38 OZ 395 Q 2.704

a The source was not observed in December, 1997.
b The source was partly resolved at all frequencies.
c We have not registered emission from this object at any frequency (nothing is present at these coordinates in NED too).

Some earlier RATAN-600 results on broad band spectra observations were presented for samples from 8.7 GHz Zelenchuk sky survey by Amirkhanyan et al. (1992) and 87GB survey by Mingaliev & Khabrakhmanov (1995), for strong compact extragalactic objects by Kovalev et al. (1996) and weak radio sources from the RATAN-600 "Cold" deep sky survey by Bursov (1997).

A broad band spectrum of a compact extragalactic radio source is usually considered to be the sum of spectra of several compact and extended components in a source structure. The components are located at various distances from the central nucleus of the object, and are likely to have resulted from activity within the nucleus. The nucleus may be a black hole, which converts an accreted ambient gas to ejected relativistic particles along magnetic fields. Some of the components can be variable in time. The variability can misrepresent the true shape of a spectrum if measurements at all or especially high frequencies are not simultaneous.

In this work we present observational results of more than five hundred sources at six frequencies from 1 to 22 GHz using a single radio telescope. Flux densities at all frequencies are measured practically instantaneously - over a period of a few minutes. This is the shortest time scale of broad band six frequency measurements for the largest sample of sources so far, which has been used for a spectra survey of compact extragalactic radio sources.

These observations are part of a long-term program of instantaneous spectra monitoring of compact extragalactic objects (Kovalev 1998), which have milliarcsecond components and are studied by VLBI networks. They also give a ground spectra support for the VSOP survey and a pre-launch spectra study of the objects for the RadioAstron project. The goal of the long-term program is a mass study of the spectra and their variability for many hundreds of compact extragalactic radio sources. It is also among our intentions to find a relationship between instantaneous multifrequency spectra and the VLBI radio structure.


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