Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 132, 121-132

The art of fitting p-mode spectra

II. Leakage and noise covariance matrices

T. Appourchaux¹ - M.-C. Rabello-Soares^1,2 - L. Gizon^1,3

Send offprint request: thierrya@so.estec.esa.nl

1 - Space Science Department of ESA, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
2 - Teoretisk Astrofysik Center, Århus Universitet, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
3 - W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085, U.S.A.

Received October 15, 1997; accepted March 24, 1998

Abstract:

In Part I we have developed a theory for fitting p-mode Fourier spectra assuming that these spectra have a multi-normal distribution. We showed, using Monte-Carlo simulations, how one can obtain p-mode parameters using "Maximum Likelihood Estimators". In this article, hereafter Part II, we show how to use the theory developed in Part I for fitting real data. We introduce 4 new diagnostics in helioseismology: the $(m,\nu)$ echelle diagram, the cross echelle diagram, the inter echelle diagram, and the cross spectrum ratio. These diagnostics are extremely powerful to visualize and understand the covariance matrices of the Fourier spectra, and also to find bugs in the data analysis code. The diagrams are used to verify the computation of the leakage matrices, and also to measure quantitatively these matrices. Cross spectrum ratios are used to obtain quantitative information on the noise covariance matrices. Numerous examples using the LOI/SOHO and GONG data are given.

Key words: methods: data analysis -- statistical -- observational -- Sun: oscillations