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4. Observations of the neutral gas and data
reduction

The tex2html_wrap_inline1482 observations were carried out with a large beam that embraces the emission from the whole interacting system. In most cases, the beam of the CO observations is sufficiently small to separate the individual galaxies in an interacting system but large enough to encompass the whole CO emitting area of each galaxy.

4.1. The tex2html_wrap_inline1694 data

The observations were made with the 64 m Parkes antenna in August 1994 and June 1995, and with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in March 1996. The Parkes radiotelescope has a beamwidth of 15' at tex2html_wrap_inline151221 cm, a sensitivity of 0.63 K Jy-1, and was equipped with a cryogenically cooled receiver with a system temperature of about 40 K for each linear polarization. The backend was a 2048 channel autocorrelator, with a bandwidth of 16 MHz. The galaxies were observed by position-switching between source and empty sky. The reference position was taken 5' time away from the source in right ascension. The data were reduced using the Spectral Line Analysis Package (SLAP). The spectra were smoothed to a final resolution of 6.6 km s-1. The plots were made using the CLASS package (Forveille et al. 1990).

In some velocity intervals the Parkes observations were dominated by interference and these observations were repeated using the ATCA. The ATCA was used in its most compact configuration (array length of 122 m) since we were interesting in obtaining global tex2html_wrap_inline1482 spectra and not maps to be as closely consistent with the Parkes observations as possible. The synthesized beam of the ATCA was 5', the primary beam 33'. The five antennas were fitted with cooled FET receivers. The backend was a 2048 channel autocorrelator, with a bandwidth of 8 MHz. PKS B1934-638 was used as a primary amplitude calibrator and for bandpass calibration and was observed every day. A secondary calibrator to correct for changes in gain and phase was observed at least once per hour. The data reduction was done using AIPS. The uv-data have been edited and calibrated, and global tex2html_wrap_inline1482 spectra were obtained using the command POSSM. The resolution of the ATCA spectra is 6.6 km s-1. The final plots were made using CLASS and GRAPHIC.

4.2. The CO data

The 12CO(1-0) observations have been carried out between June and December 1995 in La Silla (Chile) with the 15 m Swedish-ESO Submillimeter Telescope (SEST) (Booth et al. 1989). At 115 GHz, the telescope half-power beamwith is 43''. The main beam efficiency of SEST is tex2html_wrap_inline1722 (SEST handbook, ESO). We used a SIS receiver in single-sideband mode with tex2html_wrap_inline1724 K. During the observations, the typical system temperature was 300 K. A balanced on-off dual beam switching mode was used, with a frequency of 6 Hz and two symmetric reference positions offset by 12' in azimuth. The pointing was regularly checked on nearby SiO masers. The pointing uncertainties were about 5''. The backend was a 1600 channel low-resolution acousto-optical spectrometer with a total bandwith of 1 GHz, which provided at 115 GHz a velocity resolution of tex2html_wrap_inline1730. The data were reduced using the software CLASS. The spectra were smoothed to a final velocity resolution of tex2html_wrap_inline1732. Only first order baselines were subtracted from the spectra.

The uncertainties in the integrated CO and tex2html_wrap_inline1482 line intensities have been computed on the following way: they are the quadratic sum of errors due to noise in the spectrum and in the determination of the baseline:


equation430
where tex2html_wrap_inline1736 = velocity range over which the spectrum was integrated, tex2html_wrap_inline1738 = the smoothed channel width (tex2html_wrap_inline1732 for the CO spectra and tex2html_wrap_inline1742 for the tex2html_wrap_inline1482 spectra) and tex2html_wrap_inline1746 = the velocity range over which the baseline was fitted.

4.3. Atomic and molecular gas masses

The tex2html_wrap_inline1482 masses are related to the tex2html_wrap_inline1482 integrated intensities tex2html_wrap_inline1752 (in Jy km s-1) by:


equation447
where D is the distance to the galaxy in Mpc.

For the conversion factor from CO emissivities into H2 column densities, we use the value of Strong et al. (1988):


equation454
where tex2html_wrap_inline1760 is the main-beam line area. For the SEST 43'' beam, this converts into


equation469

The conversion factor X has been established empirically for our own galaxy and may differ for other galaxies (for a discussion about the conversion factor, see e.g. Lequeux 1995). Recent studies have reopened the question of the use of the CO emission as a star-formation indicator: although stars form in the dense cores of molecular clouds, it turns out that on galaxy scale, some observations have shown that tex2html_wrap_inline1482 masses are better correlated with other star-formation indicators (UV, Htex2html_wrap_inline1502) than CO luminosities (e.g., Kennicutt 1989; Buat 1992; Casoli et al. 1996). For luminous objects however, a positive correlation has been found between the molecular gas content (as derived from CO line intensities using a standard conversion factor X) and star-formation activity (as traced by the Htex2html_wrap_inline1502 equivalent width and the far-infrared emission) (Boselli et al. 1995). This suggests that the value of X may vary from one galaxy to another; for the low-luminosity ones which are less metal-rich, H2 masses may be underestimated by using a standard conversion factor. The H2 masses we have computed thus have to be taken as estimates of the molecular hydrogen masses. The value we adopted for X has been choosen to be consistent with previous papers and allow direct comparison with other samples.


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