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5. Optical counterparts

We investigated a total of 156 RASS sources and an additional number of 79 sources from pointed observations. On average, there were about two candidate counterparts per source. With regard to the discussion of candidate selection on the basis of X-ray hardness ratios below, we stress that all the investigated sources have been selected at random from the input source lists, regardless of their hardness ratios or X-ray luminosity.

5.1. The TTauri-stars

A star was classified as TTS if it showed a late spectral type (F or later), and a Li I tex2html_wrap_inline1669 absorption line with an equivalent width tex2html_wrap_inline1671 of tex2html_wrap_inline1673.

Stars classified as TTS were subdivided in WTTS and CTTS on the basis of their tex2html_wrap_inline1675 emission. If tex2html_wrap_inline1677 was present in emission above the photospheric continuum with an equivalent width tex2html_wrap_inline1679 in excess of 10 Å, the star was classified as CTTS, otherwise as WTTS. However, we did not use the presence of tex2html_wrap_inline1681 emission as indicator for the pre-main sequence nature of a star, because some late-type main sequence stars have significant tex2html_wrap_inline1683 emission, while in some PMS stars the tex2html_wrap_inline1685 emission may not even fill up the photospheric absorption.

Of 156 RASS sources studied so far, 86 have been identified with TTS. In three cases two TTS were found within the error circle, thus the total number of TTS found on the basis of the RASS is 89 (86 WTTS and 3 CTTS). Additionaly, out of 92 sources of pointed observations we studied, 46 could be identified with TTS. In one case two TTS were found within the error circle, thus 47 additional TTS (45 WTTS and 2 CTTS) were found on the basis of the pointed observations.

The new WTTS found in our study are listed in Table 5. If possible, stars are named by a catalog identifier, otherwise the RASS source name is given. Whenever possible, the coordinates are taken from the Hubble Guide Star Catalog (GSC).

5.2. Other emission-line objects

During our survey, 44 stars of spectral type K to M were found, which displayed tex2html_wrap_inline1687 in emission above the continuum, but most probably are not PMS stars, as none of them shows obvious Li I tex2html_wrap_inline1689 absorption. These stars are listed in Table 6. As we do not have photometric data for these stars, we cannot make any statement concerning their distance or a possible association with the Lupus SFR. The number of these stars is within the expected range, as a comparison with the EINSTEIN Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS; Stocke et al. 1991) shows. The EMSS has a limiting sensitivity ranging from tex2html_wrap_inline1691 to tex2html_wrap_inline1693, which is comparable to the sensitivity of the RASS. 26% of the EMSS sources were identified with galactic stars, most of them active late-type dwarfs.

5.3. Special objects

5.3.1. tex2html_wrap_inline1695

We identified this source with a CTTS with strong tex2html_wrap_inline1697 emission (tex2html_wrap_inline1699) and marked emission in tex2html_wrap_inline1701, HeI tex2html_wrap_inline1703, 6678, and [OI] tex2html_wrap_inline1705. This star is identical with Thé 11 (Thé 1962). Although the star is only about tex2html_wrap_inline1707 from the center of plate CS 19279 of the objective prism survey carried out by Schwarz (1977), it is not listed in the paper, and apparently has never been studied in more detail. This star may exhibit strong variability in the tex2html_wrap_inline1709 line, which could be the reason why it has not been found by Schwarz (1977).

5.3.2. tex2html_wrap_inline1711

In the error circle of this source we found a star of spectral type M4 with a rather strong tex2html_wrap_inline1713 emission (tex2html_wrap_inline1715). Also tex2html_wrap_inline1717 and HeI tex2html_wrap_inline1719 are in emission. However, although the tex2html_wrap_inline1721 emission is much stronger than usually found for dMe-stars, no LiI tex2html_wrap_inline1723 absorption could be found. As the absorption spectrum of this star is relatively weak in comparison with other stars of the same spectral type, we suspect that the LiI line might be hidden by veiling and tentatively identify this object as CTTS candidate.


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